Interactive Real Analysis - part of MathCS.org

Next | Previous | Glossary | Map | Discussion

Theorem 7.1.16: Riemann Integral of almost Continuous Function

If f is a bounded function defined on a closed, bounded interval [a, b] and f is continuous except at countably many points, then f is Riemann integrable.

The converse is also true: If f is a bounded function defined on a closed, bounded interval [a, b] and f is Riemann integrable, then f is continuous on [a, b] except possibly at countably many points.

Proof:

To prove this is not easy; we will start with a simpler version of this theorem: if f is continuous and bounded over the interval [a, b] except at one point xk, then f is Riemann integrable over [a, b].

We know that f is bounded by some number M over the interval [a, b].

Take any > 0 and choose a partition P that includes the point xk such that

| P | < / 12M
Then in particular
|xk+1 - xk-1| < / 6M
We also know that f is uniformly continuous over [a, xk-1] as well as uniformly continuous over [xk+1, b]. Therefore, for our chosen there exists Now refine the partition P by adding points on the left side of xk-1 so that the mesh on that side is less than ', and by adding points on the right side of xk+1 so that the mesh there is less than ''. For simplicity, call that new partition again P. Then we have:
| U(f,P) - L(f,P) | |cj - dj| (xj - xj-1) =
     
For the first term we have:
|c1 - d1| (x1 - x0) + ... + |ck-1 - dk-1| (xk-1 - xk-2)
      < 1/3 /(b-a) (xk-1 - x0) < 1/3 /(b-a) (b - a) = 1/3
because of uniform continuity to the left of xk and our choice of the partition. The third term can be estimated similarly:
|ck+2 - dk+2| (xk+2 - xk+1) + ... + |cn - dn| (xn - xn-1)
      < 1/3 /(b-a) (xn - xk+1) < 1/3 /(b-a) (b - a) = 1/3
Since f is bounded by M we know that |cj - dj| < 2M for all j so that the middle term can be estimated by:
|ck - dk| (xk - xk-1) + |ck+1 - dk+1| (xk+1 - xk)
      < 2M (xk+1 - xk-1) < 2M / 6M = 1/3
Taking everything together we have:
|U(f,P) - L(f,P)| < 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3 =
Therefore, by Riemann's Lemma, the function f is Riemann integrable.
Next | Previous | Glossary | Map | Discussion