Western Civilization
Outline #23
Professor Knight

The Late Middle Ages

I.  The Hundred Years War
	Sources of tension:  English territories in France, French Succession struggle
	War begins 1337
	Battle of Crecy—1346
	Battle of Poiters—1356
	Battle of Agincourt—1415
	Henry V of England (1413-1422)
	Joan of Arc (d. 1431)
	The Dauphin (Charles VII of France)
	War ends—1453

II.  The Black Death  (1347-1352)
	1/3 to 1/2  of population wiped out.
	Responses to the Plague:
		Scapegoats, running away, religious fervor
	Flagellants
	Breakdown of Social Order
	Peasant Rebellions
		Jacquerie  (1358)
		Uprising of Paris mechants, Etienne Marcel (1358)
		English Peasant revolt—1381
			Wat Tylor, Richard II of England
	Hanseatic League
	Decline in trade in France and Flanders

III.  Eastern Europe
	The Golden Bull (Holy Roman Empire)
		Electors
	Rise of Ottoman Empire
	Mongol Invasion of Russia (1237-1480)

IV.  The Papal Schism
	Pope Clement moves to Avignon—1305
	Philip the Fair of France  (1285-1314)
	“Babylonian Captivity” of the Church	
	Indulgences (selling of salvation, time off in purgatory)
	Investitures (selling of religious office)
	St. Catherine of Sienna (d. 1380)
	Pope Gregory XI returns to Rome (1377)
	Schism
		Pope Urban VI (1378-1389) rules in Rome
		Pope Clement VII (1378-94) rules in Avignon
	Council of Pisa—1408
		Rejected by Rome and Avignon; Third Pope installed.
	Council of Constance—1415-1418
 	Pope Martin V elected—1417
	Councilar Movement—Papacy as limited monarchy
	

V. Religious Movements
	Beguines (women) and Beghard (men)—religious lay communities.
	Brothers of Common Life
		The Imitation of Christ
	Brothers of the Free Spirit—Persecuted as heresy
	John Wycliffe (1330-1384)
		Lollards
	Jan Hus (1373-1415)
		Burned at the stake at Council of Constance, 1415.
		Hussian Revolt in Bohemia (Czech)

VI.  Rise of Vernacular Literature
	Dante Alighieri (1265-1321)
		The Divine Comedy
	Francesco Petrarch (1304-1375)
	Giovanni Boccacio (1313-1375)
		The Decameron
	Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)
		The Canterbury Tales
	Christine de Pisan (1364-1430)
	Francois Villon (1432-1464)