Western Civilization
Outline #19
Professor Knight

Intellectual Life in Medieval Europe

I.  The University
	Scholasticism
	First Universities—guilds of professors and/or students
	Seven Liberal Arts
		Trivium:  Grammar, Rhetoric and Logic
		Quadrivium: Arithmatic, Geometry, Astronomy and Music
	Advanced Arts:  Medicine, Law, Theology
	Degrees:  Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts
	Student Life:  “Nations” of students.

II.  Law
	University of Bologna
	Civil Law
	Germanic Customary Law
	Rediscovery of Justinian Code:  late 11th century.
	Glosses and Glossators
	Accursius—writes Glossa Ordinaria, late 13th century.
	Canon Law
		Gretian’s Decretum: systematic compendium of canon law
	Roman law encourages development of absolute monarchy
	Customary law favors limited monarchy

III.  Philosophy
	Source of Medieval Philosophy
1) The Bible
2) Classical Philosophers (Plato, Aristotle) in old translations
3) Church Fathers:  Sts. Augustine, Ambrose, Jerome.
4) Writings of Early Middle Ages:  Northumbrian, Carolingian 
	renaissance
		5)  New Translations of Classics from Arabic Sources
	Faith vs. Reason
	Impact of Arabic Translations
		Averroes:  Faith is superior to reason
	Platonists vs Aristotelians
		Platonists: Universals (archetypes) are real
		Aristotelians:  Universals exist only in the particulars
		Nominalism:  Universals are only names
	Peter Abelard (1079-1142):  Sic et Non (Yes and No)  Dialectical Method
	St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274):  Summa Theologica
		Reconciliation of faith and reason, Aristotle and Christianity