Imperial Russia
Outline #7
Professor Knight

The Russian Empire under Catherine the Great

I.  Russian Imperial Expansion.
	Catherine’s reign sees greatest expansion since Ivan IV
	1)  Turkish Wars
		First Turkish War (1768-1774)
			Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji (1774)
		Annexation of Crimea (1783)
		Second Turkish War (1787-1792)
			Treaty of Jassy
		Russia gains Crimea, north coast of Black Sea to Driester River.
	2) Partitions of Poland
		First 1774, Second 1793, Third 1795
		Poland divided between Russia, Prussia and Austria
	Results of Expansion.
		New Population:  Birth of the “nationalities problem”
			Jews:  Pale of Settlement
			Poles
			Ukrainians: AKA “Little Russians”
		New Lands
			New Russia (Black Sea Steppe)
			Grigory Potemkin (1729-1791)
			Settlement of Armenians, Greeks, Old Believers, Mennonites
			Reorganization of Cossack hosts (1775)

II.  The Pugachev Rebellion (1773-1774)
	Who participates?
	1) The Serfs		
		Factory Serfs
	2) Non Russians
		Bashkirs—Islamic nomads in Urals area
		Chuvash, Cheremis (Marii), Mordva—Pagan peoples of Middle Volga.
	3) Cossacks
		The Yaik (Ural) River Cossack Host
	Emelian Pugachev—Cossack, Deserter, Old Believer.
		1772—Travels through Russia Claiming to be Peter III
		1773—Revolt breaks out
			Siege of Orenburg
			Ural Factory Peasants provide armaments
		1774—Capture of Kazan
			Peasant revolt 
			Pugachev betrayed by followers, executed.