Visual Theory and Technique for Organizational Communications, COGR-7310 Seton Hall University
Department of Communication
Dr. E. Kenneth Hoffman
hoffmake@lanmail.shu.edu

This course examines visual communication theory as it applies to corporate and public communications problem solving. Through a series of practical exercises in still photography and analysis of motion pictures, print graphics, and multimedia, students will learn principles of media aesthetics (lighting, two-dimensional and three-dimensional composition, balance, color, subject and camera movement, sound and editing). The application of visual communication theory to practical business situations is analyzed.

Required Text:

Zettl, Herbert. Sight Sound Motion: Applied Media Aesthetics. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1990.

August 26 Zettl 1-2 Applied Media Aesthetics.
September 2 3 Lighting.
9 4-5 Color. Structuring Color: Function & Composition.
16 6-7 Two-dimensional Field: Area/Forces Within the Screen . Shoot assignment One.
23 8-9 Structuring the Two-Dimensional Field: Interplay of Screen Forces/Depth and Volume. Shoot assignment Two. Bring assignment One to class.
30 10-11 Screen volume and visualization. Shoot assignment Three. Bring assignment Two to class.
October 7 Screen volume and visualization, continued. Shoot assignment Four and bring assignment Three to class.
21 12-13 Time. Motion. Screen Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge
28 Triptych slide presentations. Applied Media Aesthetics Presentations.
November 4 What is multimedia? Applying multimedia in business.
11 14-15 Editing.
18 Web Site and Multimedia Design.
25 Multimedia applications. View and critique several commercial CD-ROM presentations.
December 2 Applied Media Aesthetics Presentations, continued.
9 Simulation and virtual reality

Photographic Assignments:
Use one roll of 24 exposure 35mm color slide film for every assignment.

1. Using the principles of closure described in Zettl pp. 118-119, create several compositions which derive their sense of compositional unity from similarities or differences. Try using color to unify objects in your composition. By placing the subject against a desaturated color background, or by selecting a contrasting background color, you can isolate the subject from its environment (see Zettl Color Plates P, Q & T).

2. Create dynamic (labile) compositions by using the principles of graphic and index vectors, frame magnetism, and golden section.

3. Explore negative/positive volume relationships by photographing architecture in an urban setting.

4. Intensify the illusion of three-dimensionality by utilizing the principles of linear perspective, overlapping planes, height in plane, relative size (foreground/background juxtaposition), gradation, and aerial perspective. Using the theories of Victor Shklovsky (Make objects 'unfamiliar,' make forms difficult), photograph objects by isolating them from their immediate surroundings or normal context, and show them in a new way. Get close to the subject and utilize the techniques of applied media aesthetics discussed earlier.

5. Edit the best of your color slides into a three screen presentation. Use the principles of multi-screen presentation described by Zettl in Unit Eight.

Applied Media Aesthetics Presentation:

Using examples from your own experience as a media manager (or photographer) show how applied media aesthetics is used to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of a media project (film, brochure, video, photographic portfolio, multimedia presentation or advertising campaign). Use Zettl's criteria of clarification, intensification, and interpretation to structure your presentation. Be as detailed as possible.

Final project. Pick one of the following:

Shot-By-Shot Analysis

Select a scene from a film or video and compile a shot-by-shot analysis which includes a description of each shot, including composition, lighting, camera angle, texture of photography, framing (LS, MS, CU, etc.,) and shot duration. It should also describe camera and subject movement, and editing techniques. The most important sections describe how these techniques contribute to the total visual and dramatic impact of the shot or scene.

SHOT # Framing (camera framing and position); interior or exterior; quality of lighting (harsh or soft), high key or low key; texture of photography (similar to a documentary or lush like a Hollywood musical?); length (16mm feet or minutes/seconds).

Composition: Describe the composition in paragraph form (setting, characters, costumes, and other significant detail).

Action: Describe the action (subject movement).

Mise-en-scene: Describe how the visual elements in the shot, such as settings, costumes, action, lighting, use of color, camera movement, and camera composition (including vectors, balance, use of frame depth, negative and positive volumes) are combined to produce the total visual impact of the image. This section might also include reference to visual metaphors if any.

Significance of editing techniques: Describe the style of editing and its influence on the dramatic impact/interpretation of the scene. (May take the form of a summary at the end of a specific scene.)

Relationship of structural elements to dramatic impact: How has the staging of the film (i.e., all of the above) influenced emotional impact and/or dramatic interpretation.

Print Graphics Clippings Notebook

The clippings notebook is an illustrated diary containing critiques of corporate publications, print advertisements, and other print graphics which in your opinion illustrate principles of applied media aesthetics. Look for techniques which clarify, intensify, or interpret the visual experience and/or content of the publication. Your narrative should analyze the publication with a view toward determining its communication effectiveness, using the four broad areas of media aesthetics discussed by Zettl: 1) light and color, 2) two-dimensional space, 3) three-dimensional space, 4) time-motion (if relevant). The length of each critique will depend on the specific clipping. However, your critique should be complete. Each clipping example and critique should be accompanied by a description of compositional elements (text and graphics) and how they relate to each other within the composition. The notebook should include a minimum of 25 clippings.

Multimedia Critique

Critique a multimedia application (corporate Web site or CD-ROM application), evaluating: suitability of subject to non-linear and user-directed medium, subject presentation, purpose, and effective use of supplementary materials including video, audio, simulations, and reference documents. Examine the menu structure. Is the menu intuitive, unobtrusive and easy to learn? Does the application encourage the active participation of the user? Your narrative should analyze the application with a view toward determining its communication effectiveness, using the four broad areas of media aesthetics discussed by Zettl: 1) light and color, 2) two-dimensional space, 3) three-dimensional space, 4) time-motion (if relevant) .

Grading:

Photographic assignments 25%
Applied Media Aesthetics Presentation 25%
Final project 25%
Take-home final 25%